intelligence is unobservable and therefore not measurable, however, through behavior can draw a conclusion about intelligence by solving various tasks. There are different theories of intelligence:
- The two-factor theory of intelligence (Charles Spearman, 1904): Intelligence is composed of a factor "g" and many specific factors. - multiple factor theory of intelligence (Thurstone, 1924), established seven basic intellectual factors that constitute the intelligence (verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, numerical ability, spatial ability, memory, perceptual speed and deductive reasoning.)
- The hierarchical model of intelligence (Burt and Bernon, 1950): Some relations between the factors of "minor group" and is attributed to the factors of "major group" linking these factors at the highest level corresponds to the "general factor".
- model structure intelligence (Guilford, 1967): Considered intelligence results from three perspectives: process, content and products.
- theory fluid and crystallized intelligence (Cattell, 1971): Fluid intelligence refers to the overall performance capability is reflected in the ability to perceive situations and problems and to reflect well on them. Crystallized intelligence includes skills learned.
- theory multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1983): There are eight different intelligences, all of which determine the profile of each person (verbal-linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical, musical-rhythmic, figurative-space body-kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal and intrapersonal).
- triarchic theory intelligence (Sternberg, 1985): The intelligence comprises three mutually independent aspects: contextual or practical intelligence, componential intelligence or analytical and creative intelligence.
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