Each type of disability has a number of problems related to access web content. To minimize these problems and in many cases to solve people with disabilities rely on the use of helpful tools that are called assistive technologies.
1. Visual impairment
To access the Web, blind people have a range of assistive technologies such as screen readers, Braille lines, text-based browsers ... It is also very common to use navigation strategies to make this faster and smoother as they are using hotkeys and especially tab, to not read the whole page but only the headers and links.
To disabilities that diminish the quality of vision, without rendering, employed only access strategies or specific support: use large monitors, screen magnifiers, etc..
In this case a common access strategy is to increase the size of fonts and images in the browser and operating system.
People with lack of sensitivity to colors using their own style sheets to override the background color and text, modifying the browser settings that allow it.
2. Hearing impairment
The problems faced by deaf people are
- No legend or audio transcripts of video content.
- No related images on pages that contain only text or with large amounts of text to aid comprehension.
- would have problems in places where the voice is needed to access or interact.
- No tags or transcripts of audio on the Web.
- Problems with the proposals and articles, forms and tenses, sentence structures, vocabulary, etc.
- Lack of transcripts in sign language for those contents that are too technical for those with prelingual deafness.
3.
motor disability disabilities that pose greater difficulties in accessing the web are those that affect the musculoskeletal system, particularly the arms and hands. In these cases, the ability to move or use the mouse is very limited or completely impossible, but there are many technical aids to overcome these difficulties.
Among the problems that these people are accessing the Web are:
- Request time-limited response in a Web page.
- Browsers and authoring tools that do not support keyboard alternatives to mouse movements.
- Forms whose elements are not arranged in a logical order.
- Icons too small for the pointer and the lack of ability to target accurately with pointers.
Whether used as a technical aid can be accessed via keyboard without use the mouse, the most used strategy is to cover the contents of the page in sequence, using the Tab key or equivalent.
4. language disability
The problem of access to the Web for these people include:
- Websites that require interaction via voice and have no alternative means of entry. Persons with disabilities
language they have to interact via voice with a website should be able to use an alternative mechanism for data entry and keyboard.
5. Cognitive and neurological disabilities
The problem of access to the Web for these people include:
- No alternative to the format of reporting. For example, lack of alternative text to images, or lack of descriptive labels for audio.
- visual or audio elements that can not easily released.
- Lack of a clear and consistent organization on the Web site.
- Using an unnecessarily complex language on Web site.
In these circumstances it is useful information in multiple formats simultaneously, such as video or voice synthesis combined with text. Sometimes it is interesting to include mechanisms to disable or stop the animations that distract the attention of users. A good practice is to use simple language and present pages clarity, making navigation is structured and intuitive.
6.
Other limitations mentioned above disabilities affect normal access for these people to the Internet. However, there is another set of people who, although not considered disabled, functionality may be limited sensory, physical or cognitive disabilities that affect their access to the web.
These include situations related to injury or aging, and duration in time, may be chronic or transitory.
For specific injuries, such as a person with a fracture to reduce the mobility of an arm, could benefit from accessible design provide keyboard navigation and other guidelines related to physical disabilities.
The number and severity of limitations tend to increase with age, and may include changes in vision, hearing, memory or motor function, so taking measures to improve accessibility of web sites, allow an growing body of older people join the information society.
The article was provided by Leonardo Segura.
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